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Nominal TAM
Nominal TAM is the indication of tense–aspect–mood by inflecting a noun, rather than a verb. In ''clausal nominal TAM'', the noun indicates TAM information about the clause.
Whether or not a particular language can best be understood as having clausal nominal TAM can be controversial, and there are various borderline cases. A language that can indicate tense by attaching a verbal clitic to a noun (such as the -ll'' clitic in English) is not generally regarded as using nominal TAM.
== Examples of clausal nominal TAM ==
Various languages have been shown to have clausal nominal TAM.〔Rachel Nordlinger and Louisa Sadler, "Tense as a Nominal Category", 2000. ()〕 In the Niger-Congo language Supyire, the form of the first person and second pronouns reflects whether the clause has declarative or non-declarative mood. In the /Gui language of Botswana, subject pronouns reflect the imperative or non-imperative mood of the clause (while the verb itself does not). In the Chamicuro language of Peru, the definite article accompanying the subject or object of a clause indicates either past or non-past tense. In the Pitta Pitta language of Australia, the mandatory case marking system differs depending on the tense of the clause. In the Guarani language of Paraguay, nouns can optionally take several different past and future markers to express ideas such as "our old house (the one we no longer live in)", "the abandoned car", "what was once a bridge", "bride-to-be" or even "my ex-future-wife," or rather, "the woman who at one point was going to be my wife." Other languages exhibiting clausal nominal TAM include Lardil (Australia), Gurnu (Australia), Yag Dii (Cameroon), Sahidic Coptic (Egypt), Gusiilay (Niger-Congo), Iai (Oceania), Tigak (Oceania), and Guaymi (Panama and Costa Rica).
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